Marketing ExcellenceAmerican Express Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Advertising ExcellenceAmerican Express - Essay Example Enhancement and extension of administrations offered-during the 1980s, American Express ventured into an assortment of money related classifications, which included business administrations, banking and protection and gained organizations, for example, Lehman Brothers Kuhn Loeb Inc, and E.F Hutton and Co. American Express has additionally had the option to situate itself against rivalry by fashioning and riding on associations by expanding the quantity of traders that acknowledged its cards including Walmart and grew new card contributions, including co-marked cards. American Express has additionally had the option to band together with various banks such MBNA, Citigroup, UBS, and USAA. American Express has changed after some time from its underlying conventional business of â€Å"Travelers cheques†, in the nineteenth century, to charge cards during the 1960s, to an assortment of money related administrations which incorporate financier administrations, banking and protection during the 1980s, to progressive Visas in the 21st century and by and by a wide range of individual cards just as independent company and corporate cards. 2. American Express has had the option to incorporate its business by extending in other various organizations, for example, budgetary administrations, financier and protection, in 1980s; American Express procured various different organizations, for example, Lehman Brothers Kuhn Loeb Inc and E.F Hutton and Co. The organization has likewise expanded its customer base by expanding the quantity of shippers who acknowledge their cards, for example, Walmart and growing new card contributions, including cards that are co-marked. American Express additionally coordinated its business in mid-1990s when it re-marked its Small Business Services division as â€Å"OPEN: The Small Business Network†, in this way expanding advantages, for example, adaptable installments just as uncommon offers, associations, and assets for private ventures. American Express needed to contact entrepreneurs who principally are not quite the same as individuals who work for enormous

The History of Establishment of Bank of Lebanon

Following the ruin of the Ottoman Empire in September 1918, the Turkish Pound was supplanted by a Sterling based Egyptian money as lawful delicate in the states under the French and British command. The Egyptian Pound was given by a private British foundation, the National Bank of Egypt, and had been recently utilized by the British, since a lot of their provisions were from Egypt. Subsequent to taking Lebanon and Syria under its command, the French government looked for the replacement of the Egyptian money so as to lighten the weight on the French Government in covering its uses in Egyptian Pound, and to attest its autonomy from the British. Nonetheless, the utilization of the post war French Franc would have additionally depleted the French Treasury. The option was to concede a business bank the selective option to give a money for the States under Mandate. The Banque de Syrie, a French organization offshoot of the Ottoman bank, was set up in 1919 with an underlying capital of FF. 10 million, later expanded to FF. 25.5 million. Of its 51 thousand offers, about 22% were possessed by the Ottoman bank and 78% by French investors. 1924-1964: The Banque de Syrie et du Liban In January 1924, a show was marked between the Banque de Syrie, and Lebanon and Syria as States under the French Mandate, following the constitution of their national government. As the political status of Lebanon advanced, the Banque de Syrie, which was to go about as the official bank of the states under the French Mandate, was renamed the Banque de Syrie et du Liban (BSL). BSL was allowed the accompanying benefits by the 1924 Convention including: The sole option to give the French-based-Lebanese-Syrian money in Lebanon and Syria for a long time, at FF. 20 to the pound. These could be recovered at the fundamental office in Paris or its branch in Marseilles. Exceptional rights seeing protections promised as advance certifications The sole care of government reserves Inclination for its administrations with neighborhood governments The issue of the Lebanese-Syrian cash were represented by the 1924 Convention and secured by: Gold and convertible outside government bonds Obligatory French Franc enthusiasm procuring stores Other (discretionary) French Franc request stores Cases drawn on or ensured by the French government Two years before the expiry of the 1924 Convention, BSL's benefit to note issue a Lebanese money in Lebanon, separate from the Syrian cash, was stretched out for an additional 25 years by the 1937 Convention, finishing off with March 1964. The notes gave by BSL were not, at this point subject to a roof yet were dependent upon a mandatory and discretionary inclusion. They were of two arrangement; one conveying the name â€Å"Lebanon† and the other â€Å"Syria†, yet both could be utilized aimlessly in either state. In spite of the fact that the money was Lebanese in name, it stayed a hidden French Franc, until 1941 when it was connected to the Sterling Pound after the destruction of France and the intrusion of Lebanon by the unified powers. Nonetheless, the inclusion of the Lebanese Pounds issues was still in French Francs, which was continually deteriorating or devaluated. Lebanon was to gather any misfortune in the estimation of its benefits in French Francs covering the issue of Lebanese notes by the Franco-British understanding of 1944. The relating trouble on France and Lebanon's will to accomplish fiscal autonomy, required a separation between the Lebanese Pound and the French Franc. Following its autonomy in 1943, Lebanon finished up a fiscal concurrence with France in 1948 isolating its national money from the shaky French Franc, and affirmed the freedom of its financial framework by proclaiming the Monetary Law of 1949.Concurrently, the qualification between the Issue Department and the Commercial Department was completely affected. In April 1963, a business bank, the Societe Nouvelle de la Banque de Syrie et du Liban s.a.l. was made to supplant the Commercial Department, and in April 1964, the Issue Department was changed into the Banque du Liban. Banque du Liban (BDL) was made by the Code of Money and Credit sanctioned by pronouncement no. 13513 dated August 1, 1963. It began its viable procedure on April 1, 1964. BDL is a legitimate substance of open law getting a charge out of monetary and managerial independence however isn't dependent upon regulatory guidelines and oversights appropriate to the Public area. Its underlying capital was LL.15 million, a sum appropriated by the State. BDL is the sole caretaker of open assets and is vested by law the selective benefit of giving the national cash. BDL incorporates an authoritative body and an administrative body, just as other specific elements. The Government Commissariat manages it. As specified in article 70 of the Code of Money and Credit, the Banque du Liban (BDL) is for the most part worried about the protecting of the cash so as to guarantee a reason for continued social and monetary development. Its fundamental obligations explicitly include: defending the cash; keeping up monetary steadiness; keeping up and protecting the sufficiency of the financial framework; Building up the cash and money related markets. To satisfy its significant capacities, BDL helps out the Government to guarantee swapping scale soundness, control liquidity, force credit limitations, and issue banking guidelines. Collaboration with the Government includes coordination of financial and monetary arrangement measures to guarantee a specific amicability between its targets and those of the Government, proposals profiting different monetary factors to advance monetary development, and exhortation on issues in regards to the Lebanese cash. Conversion standard dependability involves the utilization of all measures BDL sees proper explicitly mediation in the market to purchase and sell remote monetary standards. The control of liquidity includes changes in markdown rates, credits conceded to banks and money related establishments, intercession in the outside trade advertise, open market tasks, inconvenience of hold prerequisites on resources and additionally liabilities just as punishments for shortages in their development, or potentially the receipt of stores from banks. It can likewise influence the volume of credit and the general credit circumstance by deciding the volume of particular kinds of credits, credit allowed for explicit purposes, credit conceded for explicit areas, and setting the terms and guidelines of credits. BDL can give guidelines to guarantee the sufficiency of the financial framework. It can set, in counsel with the Lebanese Banks Association, guidelines overseeing the connection of saves money with their clients, and banks liquidity and capital ampleness. It has the ability to manage advantage for liabilities proportions on all or chose banks to be met at a date determined by BDL. Banque du Liban (BDL), the national bank of the Republic of Lebanon, was made by uprightness of Law No. 13513 dated August 1, 1963. Banque du Liban is a different open lawful element †not a legislative office †and is vested with money related and managerial independence. The administration of the BDL is embraced by a Governor helped by four Vice-Governors, all together establishing the Governorship of the BDL, just as by a Central Board led by the Governor and made out of the Vice-Governors, the Director-General of the Ministry of Finance and the Director-General of the Ministry of Economy and Trade. The Banque du Liban is the sole overseer of open assets, oversees and directs the financial framework and is vested by law with the selective authority of giving the national cash. The BDL†s essential job is to defend the money and advance financial strength, in this way making a good situation for monetary and social advancement. The Banque du Liban additionally exhorts the Government on different monetary and budgetary issues. In leading its money related administration work, Banque du Liban uses a wide scope of instruments, including hold prerequisites on Lebanese Pound stores with business banks, liquidity necessities on US Dollar stores in business banks, Treasury Bill repurchase and trade concurrences with business banks, just as Lebanese Pound named authentications of stores gave by the BDL. Because of high expansion before 1992, the Lebanese economy turned out to be considerably dollarized. Since October 1992, fiscal approach has been focused at settling the Lebanese Pound conversion standard and controlling the swelling rate and cash development. The arrival of trust in fiscal soundness and the exceptional yields on interest in LBP-named monetary protections prompted a huge decrease of the dollarization of the economy and to a development in outside trade saves. The Banque du Liban is overseen by the Governor who is helped by four Vice-Governors, just as by the Central Council. The Governor is the legitimate agent of the Banque du Liban, and has broad expert on the administration of the Bank. He is endowed with the requirement of the Code of Money and Credit, and the execution of the Central Council's goals. Upon the proposition of the Minister of Finance, the Governor is named by pronouncement authorized by the Council of Ministers, for an inexhaustible six-year term. After the discussion with the Governor and upon the proposition of the Minister of Finance, the Vice-Governors are designated by declaration endorsed by the Council of Ministers for an inexhaustible five-year term. They help the Governor in dealing with the Bank, completing capacities determined by the Governor. What's more, they accept their obligations as individuals from the Central Council. The Central Council sets the fiscal and credit arrangements of the Bank, including cash gracefully, and rebate and loaning rates. It talks about and chooses, in addition to other things, on issues concerning the banking and money related divisions, the foundation of clearing houses, the giving of cash and on credit demands by the p

Thoughts on the Meaning of Life

Thoughts on the Meaning of Life “What is the meaning of life?” is probably a question every human thinks about at some point in his or her life. When you are watching the stars in the night sky, you can’t help but wonder what is the sense of all of this. Yet the question is an elusive one, as there seems to be no definite answer â€" we all have different thoughts on the sense of life. © Shutterstock | Olesia BilkeiIn this post, we’ll explore some of these viewpoints. We’ll first look at six different schools of thought and what they’ve said about the meaning of life. We’ll then look at some of the most common perspectives on the subject: the religious and the secular way of explaining your purpose. Finally, we’ll provide you some steps to help make more sense of it all and to find your own purpose and passion to live a more meaningful life.6 VIEWS ON THE MEANING OF LIFEThe intriguing question “Why am I here?” has been a driving force of philosophy and different schools of thoughts. It’s hard to know when exactly did humans first start pondering the sense of life, but the variety of ways you can answer these questions shows how essential the idea has been for human thinking.It’s not a surprise then to find out how many different ideas there are around when it comes to the meaning of life. Most philosophical schools of thought have had an input in to what makes life meaningful and worth living.We’re introducing six different views on the topic, to guide you through a snapshot of explanations.The Humanists“…one ought always to ask oneself what would happen if everyone did as one is doing; nor can one escape from that disturbing thought except by a kind of self-deception.” â€" Jean-Paul SartreThe Humanists are perhaps one the most known group discussing the meaning of life in today’s world. One of the reasons is its challenge of religious schools of thought that often controls the current discussion.For the Humanists, there is no specific meaning of life; instead everyone has their own reasons. Instead of turning outwards to seek for a purpose, people should consider the things that provide them happiness and meaning.Therefore, instead of focusing on the sense of life, you should focus on figuring out what makes you happy. The key is finding enjoyment in things that are meaningful to you, even though they might not ap peal to everyone. Yet, you should also ensure the things you find enjoyable don’t infringe on the rights and needs of others.Watch the below video, which the British Humanist Association recently ran on how to know what is right and what is wrong: The Epicureans“The things you really need are few and easy to come by; but the things you can imagine you need are infinite, and you will never be satisfied.” EpicurusThe Epicureans are often quoted when people discuss the meaning of life. Unfortunately, the ideas of these thinkers can easily be simplified and viewed through rose-tinted glasses.To understand the Epicureans’ view of the sense of life, you must understand how they viewed human body and every other thing in the universe. To them everything is made up of small particles and without the particles a person cannot live. Furthermore, the particles can’t survive without a living body, which means that nothing can survive after death. Therefore, there’s no afterlife â€" all you have is the time here on Earth.This results in the meaning of life being the need to essentially maximize pleasure and minimize pain. But it doesn’t mean you should do what you want. According to Epicurus, good behavior and just actions are necessary for feeling pleasure, as guilt and anxiety will always catch up with you and make you feel pain. Therefore, you should only do things that won’t cause pain and anxiety in the long-term or later on.The Cynics“We have two ears and one tongue so that we would listen more and talk less.” â€" DiogenesThe Cynics were a group of thinkers in ancient Greece, highly influenced by the teachings of Socrates. The group saw the society around them filled with hypocrisy and wealth, and they felt it wasn’t helping people live virtuously or stay happy.The meaning of life was to be found in a moral existence that was compatible with the natural order of things. For people to be happy, they had to decide for themselves what was right an d wrong. It also called for self-sufficiency, as freedom from the need for possessions and for companionship was the ultimate way of living a meaningful existence.Nihilism“Every belief, every considering something-true is necessarily false because there is simply no true world.” â€" Friedrich NietzscheNihilism is perhaps among the most misunderstood schools of thoughts, as its basic tenets can often be simplified a bit too far, just like the teachings of Epicurus. Nonetheless, for a true nihilist, there are no things such as value or knowledge. In fact, there is no point to human existence.It isn’t surprising then how the meaning of life of nihilism is essentially that there isn’t any meaning. Although in the eyes of a nihilist, the meaninglessness doesn’t matter, as nothing in the world is valuable.The Cyrenaics“The art of life lies in taking pleasures as they pass, and the keenest pleasures are not intellectual, nor are they always moral.” â€" AristippusThe Cyrenaics are a group of like-minded thinkers who formed around 400 B.C. The founder, Aristippus, was a student of Socrates and the famous philosopher largely influenced the group’s ideas.For the Cyrenaics, knowledge and experience are subjective, always influenced by individual experiences. For this reason, truth is innately personal, with each person experiences the world distinct to anyone else.Pleasure in the present moment is what we should be aiming for. The future was uncertain, according to the Cyrenaics, which means you should live in the moment, not by planning for the future. In essence, the meaning of life would be to seek things that are most enjoyable to you in the moment, even if it’s outside of the social convention.Mohism“One who talks a lot but takes actions slowly will not be listened to even if he is right.” â€" MoziAnother group of thinkers established itself in China during the same time as the Cyrenaics were starting out in Greece. The movement’s father was M ozi and Mohism’s central idea was to argue and discuss ideas such as the sense of life.Mohism involves 10 doctrines, which people should abide by in everyday lives. For them, the meaning of life is only achieved through compassion and care towards other people, by treating everyone’s needs equally.This would mean seeking universal equality, which for Mohism also meant removing concentration of wealth. People should also avoid consuming luxury and entertainment for the sake of it, and instead focus on ensuring everyone had the same degree of happiness.Watch this lengthy documentary on the meaning of life. Very insightful. THE COMMON PERSPECTIVES ON THE MEANING OF LIFEWhile the above are some of the strategies used to explain where and how to find the meaning of life, there are other ways to answer the question “What is the meaning of life?” The answers are not necessarily associated with a specific philosophy in life, but nonetheless, are answers people regularly find themsel ves giving when they ponder the issue.In general, the outlook on the sense of life can be divided into two types of answers: the religious perspectives and the secular perspectives.Religious perspectivesA number of people include religious elements to their meaning of life. The religious perspectives tend to ascribe to an ‘outside’ force, which provides purpose and meaning. More importantly, the external force or spirit is what guides the behavior, often not just in this life, but the one after.The world has experienced a number of religions and even today, you have a number of different ways to practice and believe. If you were to make a simplification, you could divide religions to the western religions, such as Christianity, and the eastern religions, such as Taoism. The distinction isn’t necessarily as much to do with the location, but rather the belief system. Western religions are typically considered monotheist, like Judaism and Islam, whereas eastern religions are more pluralist, such as Hinduism.If you view the western religions on answering the question “What is the meaning of life”, the answers often fall along the lines of:“to serve God”“to gain entry to heaven”“to spread the message to others”On the other hand, the eastern religions  answers follow the patterns of:“break free of life cycle”“receive enlightenment”As you can see, the purpose and meaning are focused on not just the here and now, but for what happens to you after your time ends on this earth.Below are some of the famous, religion-inspired quotes regarding the sense of life, which hopefully inspire you to think about the purpose of life:“May you live your life as if the maxim of your actions were to become universal law.” â€" Immanuel Kant“You will never be able to please all of the people all of the time, so concentrate on pleasing your Maker because that’s what really matters.” â€" Mufti Ismail Menk“Your duty is to treat everybody with love a s a manifestations of the Lord” â€" Swami Sivananda“Life is a series of natural and spontaneous changes. Don’t resist them; that only creates sorrow. Let reality be reality. Let things flow naturally forward in whatever way they like.” â€" Lao TzuSecular perspectivesBut there have always been secular ways of thinking about the sense of life. As religious belief is waning in many Western countries, secular ideas around life’s meaningfulness and purpose are even more prominent.For secular perspectives, the focus is naturally on the here and now. Since there is no belief in the afterlife or reincarnation, the purpose is to be happy and have an impact in the current moment or at least during one’s life on earth.Secular answers to questions, such as “What is the meaning of life?” would include things like:“being nice”“living morally sound life and respecting others”“helping the planet”Secular perspectives don’t necessarily deny the existence of a god or a sp iritual force; the difference is that the meaning and purpose doesn’t stem from an external source and you aren’t living in a specific manner on Earth in order to gain something later. Your actions are not aiming to please or prepare you for another unknown existence. Therefore, secular perspectives are much more focused on the present.Just like there is variety of religious perspectives, secular thoughts on the meaning of life can differ in tone and style. You can be advised to focus on helping others and creating things that are useful for others, while some thinkers call for you to focus on yourself and your desires more.We’ve gathered some of the challenging thoughts on the sense of life, in terms of secular perspectives, and you can find them below:“There is only one meaning of life: the act of living itself.” â€" Erich Fromm“For the meaning of life differs from man to man, from day to day and from hour to hour. What matters, therefore, is not the meaning of life in general but rather the specific meaning of a person’s life at a given moment.” â€" Viktor E. Frankl“Living in a way that reflects one’s values is not just about what you do, it is also about how you do things.” â€" Deborah Day“Love is our true destiny. We do not find the meaning of life by ourselves alone â€" we find it with another.” â€" Thomas MertonHOW TO FIGURE OUT YOUR LIFE’S PURPOSE“Each man must look to himself to teach him the meaning of life. It is not something discovered: it is something molded.” Antoine de Saint-ExuperyThere are a number of ways to live a purposeful life and the truth is, people have different ways of answering the questions “What’s the meaning of life?” If you are thinking about what gives meaning and purpose to your life, you can use the above steps to help create your own thoughts and actions about the sense of life.Step 1: Discover yourself“I can teach anybody how to get what they want out of life. The problem is that I c an’t find anybody who can tell me what they want.” â€" Mark TwainFirst, you should discover yourself â€" to find the things that define you. A good way to start is by thinking about the things that are most important to you, the personal values that matter the most. This might be your family or friends, it might deal with being kind or perhaps it’s changing the society around you.This video might inspire you to find out what you really want from life. Whatever your true valuables are, write them down and reflect on why they mean so much to you. What is it that they add to your life?You also want to define the things that are meaningless to you, the things you don’t enjoy. These could be things such as the daily grind or owning material possessions. It might be bigger things like having a family or settling down. Be honest with yourself and discover the things that wouldn’t add value or purpose to your being.Step 2: Identify your unique talents“Use what talents you posses s; the woods would be very silent if no birds sang there except those that sang best.” â€" Henry Van DykeWe all have unique talents; we just have to find them and learn to use them to our benefit. Examine your skills and discover the things you are good at doing. It might be that you are good at writing stories or you might be good at helping other people find their voice. Perhaps numbers come easy to you or you can come up with amazing flavor combinations when cooking.Everyone has these unique characteristics â€" the things we do better than anyone else. You don’t even need to use the talent as a profession or a way to earn money. When you find something you enjoy, you can do it whenever you have time â€" the fulfillment you get is a big enough reward. Step 3: Find a cause you are passionate about“There is no passion to be found in settling for a life that is less than the one you are capable of living.” â€" Nelson MandelaFinally, you want to find your true passion because it can open a completely new world for you, in terms of happiness and fulfillment.What is an issue or a topic you are passionate about? Perhaps it’s big themes like education or solving childhood poverty. But passion can be smaller things like gardening or reading books.You might want to solve or change an issue in your local community or society, perhaps by starting your own business. But you can also manifest your passion by setting up your own blog about contemporary poetry or organizing baking nights with friends. The key is to find something that you are passionate about and then work towards your passion like there is no tomorrow.FINAL THOUGHTSThe answer to the question will always be different depending on whom you ask. Perhaps that’s the beauty of the sense of life â€" we all find our own meaning and purpose, with each perspective adding something to the conversation.Finding meaning in your everyday life is important and it can be useful to reflect on things. Reading oth er viewpoints, discovering your own inner passion and talent, and understanding the different ways of explaining the world can help you live a more purposeful life.Now, what do you think? Whats the meaning of life?

Gender Differences Between Effeminate Boys And Transgender...

At a camp for gender-variant children, two young boys, perhaps six or seven years old, tromp through the woods. They are wearing pink dresses and sporting long tresses, and are engrossed in the joy of their freedom. They would easily be mistaken for little girls anywhere else. At the camp, though, they can be who they are and nobody makes any assumptions (Morris). Unfortunately, the rest of the world isn t so understanding of boys who like dresses. Boys in our culture are expected to eschew all things pink, soft, or feminine. If they don t, the consequences can be dire. Boys who act in ways we label as feminine encounter much more harassment and cruelty than girls who act masculine . This double standard is a result of sexism, and results in these boys being bullied and ostracized. Careful analysis requires that we make the distinction between effeminate boys and transgender children. Transgender people feel that they belong in one gender but live in the body of the other gender. Effeminate boys, sometimes called gender-nonconforming or gender-creative, â€Å"...identify as boys but wear tiaras and tote unicorn backpacks† (Padawer). The ambiguity of their gender expression makes it even more difficult for effeminate boys to find a place to fit in. â€Å"Even transgender people preserve the traditional binary gender division: born in one and belonging in the other. But the parents of boys in that middle space argue that gender is a spectrum rather than two opposingShow MoreRelatedGender Stereotypes : The Way Men And Women Act1368 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican stereotypes stem from the beliefs of older generations, which define the socially acceptable standards of conduct of men and women. Despite recent movement towards more progressive beliefs in society, gender stereotypes remain stubbornly ingrained within the American culture. Gender stereotypes often show how older generations lived and reflect the more restrictive social environment of the past, which affect today’s conceptualizations of men and women. During the Industrial Revolution, theRead MoreImproving Justice for Transgendered People Essay2357 Words   |  10 Pagesflamboyant man. But this is not so, once you consider all the diversity of trans people as a whole – there are feminine transgender men, as are there masculine transgender women. The stereotype for trans men or women, as it were, is usually highly inaccurate. A transgendered person is simply someone whose self-identity does not conform unambiguously to conventional male or female gender. Over the year of 2012, over 221 trans people over the world were killed in violent and radical hate crimes. Over halfRead More Gender: A Socially Constructed Ideal Essay2501 Words   |  11 PagesWhere does a boy learn to be a man and a girl learn to be a woman? If is impossible for one t o pinpoint the exact moment in time where they learned what it means to be a boy or a girl. The reason? Gender roles are a result of constant exposure to gender socialization. From birth forward, we become susceptible to society’s opinion on what a male or female should consist of. The way we dress, the way we act, the choices we make, and the way we interact with others can all be linked in some way backRead MoreI Hate Violence And Violence2205 Words   |  9 Pagesother’s rights. Violence is one of those acts I strongly detest and oppose. There are so many facets of violence, such as violence against women, children, races, religions, cultures, elders, bisexuals, homosexuals, nationalities and transgender people that I could get on a platform here but I will lead the focus to one area of violence, transgender violence. Degrees of violence has been condoned and justified by society against all people, men and women alike. Spaniards, as they were in processRead MoreHistory of Transgender9448 Words   |  38 PagesA time-line of transgender identities.  © 1999 Drs. Arianne van der Ven Contents Summery 2 Introduction: The development of gender as we know it How does history relate to us? 3 From a one-gender system to a two-gender system, and on to ‘third sex’ categories. 3 Some specifics of gender transitions. 5 Part I: Sexology begins. Transgender Identities before the 19th century 7 The early 19th century: Enters forensic psychiatry 7 TheRead MoreHomosexuality and God6017 Words   |  25 Pagesrefers to the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community. In use since the 1990s, the term LGBT is an adaptation of the initialism LGB, which itself started replacing the phrase gay community beginning in the mid-to-late 1980s, which many within the community in question felt did not accurately represent all those to whom it referred. 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Parents fear that violent video games will make their children into raging psychopaths, and that a boy will turn out to be a homosexual if he plays with dolls and not toy cars or action figures. Even the books being read to children are censored and romanticized, not to mention allRead More Does Sexual Abuse in Adolescents Lead to Homosexuality? Essay examples3357 Words   |  14 PagesThis study is about whether there is a correlation between physical and sexual abuse in adolescents becoming homosexual. Throughout past research there has been no direct c orrelation in stating is does cause adolescents to become homosexual. The event of someone changing their sexual identity is when they gone through some traumatic situation in their life. The tests we ran for this study are The Life Experience Questionnaire, The Lesbian Internalized Homophobic Scale, and The Acceptance and ActionRead MoreThe Morality of Homosexuality4311 Words   |  18 Pagesthe first element derived from Greek homos, ‘same’ (not related to the Latin homo, ‘man’, such as in Homo sapiens), thus connoting â€Å"sexual acts and affections between members of the same sex, including lesbianism. Gay generally refers to male homosexuality, but may be used in a broader sense to refer to all Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender (LGBT) people. In the context of sexuality, lesbian refers only to female homosexuality. The word â€Å"lesbian† is derived from the name of the Greek Island Lesbos

Drug Usage And Its Effect On Today s Youth - 987 Words

â€Å"I’m in love with the coco† (a song depicting a love for cocaine song by O.T. Genasis), just one of the most recent songs to have explicit usage of drugs. Referring to drug usage and sales is a popular trend in today s hip-hop and rap lyrics. As a society where do we draw the line with censorship of this material? Not only are the lyrics being said, but the drug usage is also being portrayed in the music videos; all the way from marijuana usage to cocaine and popping pills. There s no doubt that this type of music has a negative effect on today s youth, but by censoring, this variety of music are we in effect censoring the culture and reality that sings it. No matter the drug, no matter the era, they ve always played a major role for better or worse. The rap lifestyle has always gone hand in hand with drugs. The use of drugs other than weed seemed to be something that was not largely accepted until the 2000s. While sale of hard drugs, from crack to even heroin, ha s been promoted even to the point of glamorization, references to exploration would seep through the cracks every now and then. Many of these artiest choose to sing and rap about drugs is mainly due to the fact they grew up in poverty and in neighborhoods where this was a common occurrence to see. Growing up witnessing not only friends and family members be addicted to and selling drugs is what influences these artist. We can compare the drug use and violence in rap lyrics to the heart break and soul inShow MoreRelatedDrug Of Drug And Drug Abuse1538 Words   |  7 PagesDrug Resistance Drug use has become an increasing problem among high schoolers and teenagers around the same age. Ever since the drug war of the 1900s, drugs have been a major problem in today’s society. â€Å"Use of drugs such as opium, morphine, and other byproducts were common in twentieth century America† (Dobkin, 1998). 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academic communication Free Essays

string(97) " is responsible to give significance to the verbal and gestural symbols used by the transmitter\." Introduction This is about academic communicating procedure theoretical account and its constituents ; how they would breakdown into three different phases and stairss to avoid them. Communication is the most of import portion of our life. We begin to larn some of the accomplishments of communicating before we are born, and most of us will go on to utilize them until the twenty-four hours we die. We will write a custom essay sample on academic communication or any similar topic only for you Order Now We communicate with friends, household, workplace ; we may pass on indirectly: we watch films, and listen to music. These are all communicating procedure in different phases. We will discourse about it in this assignment. Harmonizing to Weick and Browning ( 1986 ) , communicating is the procedure of conveying information from one individual to another. Gerbner ( 1967 ) adds that communicating may be defined as societal interaction through messages. Another bookman Theodorson ( 1969 ) defines communicating as the transmittal of information, thoughts, attitudes, or emotion from one individual or group to another chiefly through symbols. Osgood et Al ( 1957 ) besides remarks that we have communication wherever one system, a beginning, influences another, the finish, by use of alternate symbols, which can be transmitted over the channel linking them. On the footing of above definitions, communicating is the sharing information between two or more people to make a common apprehension. However, making a common apprehension does non intend that people have to hold with each other. They should hold an accurate thought of what a individual or group is seeking to state them. Communication is besides a procedure, and like most procedures it can be usefully modelled. Gathering a theoretical account frequently helps in believing about and understanding procedures and systems. The basic communicating procedure starts when the transmitter formulates an thought or thinks of something to state. The thought is so encoded or transformed into meaningful symbols. Turning the formulated ideas into spoken or written words constitutes encoding. Thought and thoughts have to be in some signifier of codification to organize catching messages. These encoded messages are so transmitted via voice, missive, electronic mail, telephone or some other channel to the receiving system. Geting the message from the transmitter to the receiving system is really of import, unless the communicating goes from one individual to another there is no communicating. Messages transmit via a channel. Channel refers to the peculiar engineering or method used to acquire the message to the receiving system. Major communicating channels are letters, e-mail, face-to-face conversation, telephone, facsimile, newspapers, booklets, movie, picture, wireless, telecasting, web sites and postings. Then the receiving system decodes the message – interprets the message, and gives feedback to the transmitter. Feedback helps both transmitter and receiving system determine the lucidity of the message. Feedback is a response from the receiving system. With feedback, the procedure becomes a conversation or bipartisan communicating. Beginning: adapted from Himstreet, Baty and Lehman ( 1993 ) . However, a major progress in communicating theory came with Claude Shannon ‘s 1949 publication of his mathematical theory of communicating. He and other information theoreticians at the Bell Telephone Laboratories were concerned with the procedure of reassigning signals accurately from transmitter to receiver. Their concern was non with words or word significances but with coded stuff sent from one machine to another – from a orbiter to earth or from one computing machine to another. Shannon ‘s communicating theoretical account was critical for communicating research as Johnson and Klare ( 1961 ) say in their reappraisal of communicating theoretical accounts: â€Å"Of all individual parts to the widespread involvement in theoretical accounts today, Shannon ‘s is the most of import. For the proficient side of communicating research, Shannon ‘s mathematical preparations were the stimulation to much of the ulterior attempt in this area.† Beginning: adopted from Shannon and Weaver ( 1949 ) . Shannon and Weaver ‘s ‘mathematical theoretical account ‘ describes communicating as a additive, one-way procedure. Harmonizing to Shannon ( 1949 ) , communicating procedure consists of basically five constituents: 1. An information beginning which produces a message or sequences of messages to be communicated to the having terminus. The message may be assorted types such as a sequence of letters as in a telegraph or teletype system ; a individual map of clip. A message is composed of a set of symbols. These symbols can be verbal or gestural. Verbal symbols are words used when talking or composing. Letterss, memorandas, studies, booklets, catalogues, manuals, and one-year studies are composed of verbal symbols. These symbols are besides used when talking face-to-face or on the telephone, take parting in a conference or meeting, or presenting a address. Gestural symbols such as gestures, position, facial looks, visual aspect, and clip, tone of voice, oculus contact, and infinite ever accompany verbal symbols. All messages contain gestural symbols that help the receiving system interpret verbal symbols. If verbal and gestural symbols struggle, receiving systems by and large believe the gestural symbols over the verbal symbols. For illustration, a gross revenues representative may state that your history is really of import but so keeps you waiting. The representative ‘s gestural communicating may do you to oppugn the representative ‘s earnestness, and you may make up one’s mind to take your concern elsewhere. 2. A sender which operates on the message in order to bring forth a signal suitable for transmittal over the channel. 3. The channel is simply the medium used to convey the signal from sender to receiver. The manner a transmitter selects to direct a message is called the channel. Letterss, memorandas, and studies are the most common channels for written messages. One-to-one conversations, telephone conversations, and meet ings are common channels of unwritten messages. Electronic mail, videoconferences and voice mail are common channels of electronic messages. Choosing the appropriate channel is important. 4. The receiving system normally performs the reverse operation of that done by the sender, retracing the message from the signal. 5. The finish is the individual for whom the message is intended. Here the finish is the receiver. A individual or things to whom a message is sent is the receiver. The receiver is responsible to give significance to the verbal and gestural symbols used by the transmitter. You read "academic communication" in category "Essay examples" The significance receiving systems give to message depends on their several educational backgrounds, experiences, involvements, sentiments, and emotional provinces. Miscommunication consequences if the receiving system gives the message a different significance than the transmitter intended. As it is seen from the diagram, Shannon did non include feedback which is truly critical for effectual communicating. Shannon ‘s communicating procedure theoretical account was stimulus phase for other behavioral scientists ; because they developed his theoretical account more advanced and included feedback as an of import phase. Feedback is a message or portion of a message that the receiver returns to the transmitter so that the message may be modified or adjusted to do it clearer to the receiver. When one individual responds to another ‘s message, the response is called feedback. Feedback is the reaction of the receiving system to the message received. It may besides be gestural ( a smiling, a scowl, a intermission, etc. ) or it may be verbal ( a telephone call or a missive ) . Feedback is a critical constituent of effectual communicating because it helps find whether the receiving system has understood the message. These communicating procedure constituents may breakdown at different phases. First of wholly, we will specify the significance of dislocation or barrier. Breakdown to communication include anything that prevents a message from being received or understood. Barriers/breakdowns are, hence, synonymous in many ways with noise though technological noise ( e.g. inactive on telephone lines ) is less of a barrier and more of an obstruction. A technological job does non normally stop communicating, though it may barricade it temporarily. Technological jobs are besides possibly the easiest jobs to work out. When equipment fails, is unsuited to the undertaking for which it is used, or when the job is every bit simple as an wrong telephone figure, this can normally be rapidly identified and remedied. Technological jobs are, hence, a signifier of noise but they are an obstruction instead than a barrier to communicating. Barriers are normally of homo instead than technological beginning. Human barriers are frequently less seeable but by and large more eventful. These three barriers are: Socio-cultural barriers ; Psychological barriers ; Organisational barriers. Socio-cultural barriers. Communication ever involves other people. An person can be a bearer of civilization but one individual can non make civilization. Culture is a group or societal phenomenon. Culture is powerful. The linguistic communication we use, the nutrient we eat and how we eat it, how we dress, what we believe and so on, are all powerful cultural traits. We accept them as if they were non-confrontable and non-debatable. Culture occurs at national, cultural, regional and even organizational degree can be a barrier to communicating exactly because civilization is both powerful and shaping of groups. The cardinal socio-cultural elements that may be barriers are: Groupthink is the societal phenomenon which occurs when group behaviour dominates and stifles the decision-making procedure ( Janis 1982 ) . It occurs when societal norms or a group ‘s desire for consensus overwhelms its desire to make determinations that are in its best involvement. It is what happens when shared values and conformance get out of control. Group think is a major job in concern, where people work extensively in groups and squads. For case, group members over-communicate or emphasize their similarities in beliefs and values while, at the same clip, concealing or under-communicating their differences. This consequences in the visual aspect of tight similarity within the group. Another illustration, the group develops and maintains strong shared beliefs without oppugning their truth or their implicit in premises. Rather than acknowledging some direction or strategic mistake to explicate failure, the group will apologize or fault external forces. Conflicting values and belief. Culture is based on shared beliefs and values. When communicating occurs across cultural boundaries, the potency for misinterpretation is magnified. Cultural and societal norms are so deep-rooted that people act upon them without being consciously cognizant of making so. When cross-cultural concern ventures fail, the participants are frequently unable to understand why. It is normally a communicating failure stemming from a deficiency of cognition about each other ‘s basic values and norms. Administrations need to guarantee they are familiar with possible cultural differences before trying to make concern across civilizations. Languages and slang. Even when we ‘re pass oning in the same linguistic communication, words mean different things to different people. Age and context are two of the biggest factors that influence the linguistic communication a individual uses and the definitions he/she gives to words. When Michael Schiller, a concern adviser, was speaking with his 15-year-old girl about where she was traveling with her friends, he told her, â€Å"You need to acknowledge your ARAs and step against them.† His girl â€Å"looked at him like he was from outer space.† ARA stands for answerability, duty, and authorization. This point is that although we all can talk the same linguistic communication, but the usage of that linguistic communication is far from unvarying. If we knew how each of us modified the linguistic communication, communicating troubles would be minimized. Psychological Barriers are those associating to the person and the person ‘s mental and emotional province. Key psychological barriers are: Filtering. Peoples tend to hear what they want to hear and see what they want to see. For illustration, at Beacon Research Associates, a mid-sized, societal study company, leaders of each research squad were informed by missive of their budget allotments twice a twelvemonth. When the undertaking director received his allotment, he scanned the missive, took note of the sum of his budget and quickly filed the missive. What he did non notice was the paragraph which stated that the research allowance had to be used up in this budget period within six months. Any excess sum could non be carried frontward into the following period. The director selected from all of the information in the missive merely the informations in which he was interested – his budget allotment – and filtered out the remainder. The consequence was that six months subsequently he was really surprised to larn that the balance of his budget financess was recalled, which put terrible force per unit area on some undertakings. Often our consequences and prejudices are a consequence of personal value systems or our cultural backgrounds. The key to avoiding filtrating jobs is to listen carefully, to read carefully and to be cognizant that we all have a inclination to be selective about the information and information with which we are confronted. Percepts are how we view the universe. We choose our friends because they tend to believe like us, act like us, believe the things in which we believe and do the sorts of things we do. We frequently are non even cognizant that our perceptual experiences influence so many countries of our life. We have perceptual experiences of world that we trust and we behave harmonizing to those beliefs which, in bend, act upon our behavior. Our perceptual experiences can be barriers to communicating. We can decline to admit or go to to what is being communicated because we have preconceived thoughts about its relevancy to our lives. Faulty memory. Sometimes we do n’t retrieve what has been communicated to us ; this will take to incomplete or uneffective communicating. Good memory accomplishments can be learnt and should be practised in order to go an effectual communicator. Poor listening accomplishments. Inadequate memory accomplishments can besides be attributed to hapless hearing. Day-dreaming, reading, listening to another conversation instead than the 1 in which we are engaged, looking around the room and merely by and large non concentrating on listening represent hapless listening accomplishments. Emotional intervention. Emotions can be a barrier to communication both in sending and receiving messages. When people are angry, fearful or sad their communicating accomplishments can be impaired. We can non command person ‘s emotions ; nevertheless we can command our ain emotions to a grade. How the receiving system feels at the clip of reception of a communicating influences how he/she interprets it. The same message received when we ‘re angry or distraught is frequently interpreted otherwise than it is when we ‘re happy. Extreme emotions such as exultation or depression are most likely to impede effectual communicating. Organizational barriers chiefly relate to the administration ‘s construction, civilization, forms of work and communicating flows. The most common organizational barriers are: Information overload. Persons have a finite capacity for treating informations. When the information we have to work with exceeds our processing capacity, the consequence is information overload. And with electronic mails, IM, phone calls, facsimiles, meetings, and the demand to maintain current in one ‘s field, the potency for today ‘s directors and professionals to endure from information overload is high. Message competition. Information overload leads to message competition. The sum of information we deal with every twenty-four hours forces us to do picks about what is of import and what can be ignored. A director can have a 100s of messages a twenty-four hours in different signifiers. Directors are put under more emphasis by the possible danger of losing or disregarding of import messages and therefore endanger their effectivity. Information deformation. A potentially bigger cost can be paid by administrations that suffer from information deformation. Taller structures mean that information has to go through through more sections and people before acquiring to its finish. This may do the information to be distorted due to misconstruing. Message filtrating. Directors select the communications to which they pay attending by filtrating or testing them. When go throughing on information directors one time once more filter information or reproduce it in brief signifier for the ingestion of others. This procedure happens at many degrees in administrations. Status differences. Directors tend to listen less carefully to subsidiaries. This will take dislocation of communicating. Structural jobs. Administrations can be structured with many beds and directors in the top would hold less communicating with the below employees of the hierarchal construction. The greater the distance – physical, societal or cultural, between two points, the longer it will take to acquire information from one point to the other. George Eliot says: â€Å"The people of the universe are islands shouting at each other across a sea of misunderstanding.† It is really critical to hold effectual communicating in order to be successful. It can be achieved by avoiding communicating dislocation. These stairss are: directing clear messages to the receiving system, and finish the message adequate to enable both the transmitter and the receiving system to make a common apprehension ; transmitter should avoid the specialized linguistic communication such as slang when composing to an foreigner ; message should be in platitude linguistic communication non cliches or local expressions that mean nil to a non-native talker ; the receiving system should besides be a good hearer by halt speaking, put the talker at easiness, keeping oculus contact, being open-minded, inquiring inquiry or giving a feedback. A communicator should digest bad wonts in order to set up good resonance sometimes ; should avoid accusals ; should concentrate on behavior non a individual ; should be specific instead than general ; should avoid defensiveness ; should portion in formation instead than giving advice ; should propose more acceptable options ; should give positive feedback. Deep external respiration, remaining entirely for a piece will assist get the better of emotional barriers. Administrations should concentrate on jobs and issues ; they should listen and promote subsidiaries efficaciously despite of their position. Employers should pay attending to the words and feelings of the employees that are being expressed. If an administration receives many messages from the clients, they should use excess staff for specifically looking after the messages and facsimiles. Communication is good or effectual when members of an administration portion information with each other and all parties involved are comparatively clear about what this information means. Decision We have discussed about communicating, Shannon ‘s mathematical communicating procedure and its constituents ; the barriers to communicating and steps how to avoid them. As discussed earlier we communicate because of a demand: a demand to acquire our thoughts across to others. Like animate beings, we communicate with sounds, although unlike animate beings, we have evolved address, which can convey complex thoughts. Unlike animate beings, excessively, we can encode these sounds into symbols, therefore giving the thoughts their ain extended and independent life crossing the coevalss. Communication can be seen as a round procedure. Person has an thought they wish to go through on. They determine who is to have the thought, and how it is to be recorded and transmitted. The chosen receiver becomes a transmitter when they deliver feedback to the conceiver of the thought to demo that is has been received and understood. Peoples engaged in communicating encode and decode messages while at the same time functioning as both transmitter and receiving systems. In the communicating procedure, feedback helps people resolve possible misinterpretations and therefore better communicating effectivity. Communication takes two signifiers – verbal and non-verbal. Although non-verbal is of import, verbal communicating is the manner that we communicate the thoughts, ideas or instructions we need to go through on. We do this in two ways: spoken and written. For a communicating to be effectual it has to be received and understood. There are two peculiar accomplishments concerned with apprehension: hearing efficaciously and reading attentively. Communication is one of the most of import procedures that takes topographic point in administrations. Effective communicating allows persons, groups, and administrations to accomplish their ends and execute at high degrees, and it affects virtually every facet of organizational behavior. Bibliographic Mentions Forsyth, P. and Madden, D. 2005, Business Communications, ICSA Publishing Ltd, Norfolk. George, J. M and Jones, G. R. 2008, Understanding and Managing Organizational Behavior, Pearson Prentice Hall, 5th ed. , US. Himstreet and Bary 1965, Business Communications, 2nd ed. , Wadsworth Publishing Company, California. Himstreet, Baty and Lehman 1993, Business communications, 10th ed. , Wadsworth Publishing Company, California. Judge, R. 2009, Organizational Behavior, 13th ed. , Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey. McQuail, D. and Windahl, S. 1982, Communication Models for the Study of Mass Communication, 2nd ed. , Longman Publishing, New York. Rouse, M. J. and Rouse, S. 2002, Business Communications, Thomson Learning, Cornwall. Shannon, C. E. and Weaver, W. 1949, the Mathematical Theory of Communication, the University of Illinois Press, Urbana. Steil K. Lyman 1983, Effective Listening: Key to your success, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Canada. hypertext transfer protocol: //patchwork-st.blogspot.com/2007/03/how-to-avoid-communication-breakdown.html ( 13.04.2009 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.coachingachievement.co.uk/overcoming_communication_barriers.htm ( 13.04.2009 ) How to cite academic communication, Essay examples

The Economic Cost of Climate Change Effects

Introduction Climate change refers to a lasting and significant change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns. This can occur over a long period of time, from decades to millions of years (Parry 2007). Although climate change may affect a specific region, on the other hand, it can also affect the entire globe.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Economic Cost of Climate Change Effects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Because the general definition of climate change involves changes in the statistical components of a climate system without taking into account the causes of such changes, changes in climate over a short period of time (such as several decades, like in the case of El Nino) does not constitute climate change. The complex interconnection between water resources, climate, socio-economic and biophysical systems means that anytime one of these components encounters a change, it affects the ot her elements (Pongiglione 2011). There is enough compelling evidence in literature to support the claim that climate change is a real threat to the very survival of human race. Accordingly, the current essay endeavors to answer the question, is climate change the most serious threat facing humankind? In this regard, the essay shall attempt to examine the economic cost associated with the effects of climate change, and the deaths attributed to this phenomenon. Is climate change the most serious threat facing humankind? Climate change is now widely regarded as the biggest challenge facing the human race. Increased frequent droughts, melting glaciers, rising temperatures, and flooding, is enough evidence that the challenge of climate change to human kind is now a reality (Dykstra 2006). Future generations are faced with colossal risks thanks to climate change and for this reason, there is need to ensure that we take urgent action to contain climate change. A lot of resources have been directed towards the running of programs meant to create awareness about the effects of climate change so that people may change their behavior and adapt methods that will result in sustainable management of natural resources. This is aimed at slowing down the impact of climate change (Dykstra 2006).Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, besides climate change, we are likely to be faced other major environmental threats in the years ahead. Other than contributing to the global environmental change, climate change is also regarded as a key component of the intertwined and complex ecosystem. As such, a number of key environmental problems and strong inter- linkages between climate changes will be the main issues facing the next generation. We also need to remember that climate change has had a significant influence on biodiversity and consequently, the loss in biodiversit y, thereby impacting greatly on climate change. Changes in droughts, rainfall patterns and droughts all combine to cause land degradation such as desertification, soil erosion, and deteriorating soil quality. Once land has been degraded, it tends to release more greenhouse gases and carbon into the atmosphere. This effectively kills the biodiversity. The released gases may sequester carbon and as a result, a feedback loop ensues, thereby intensifying climate change (International Daily Newswire 2006). Climate change may also exacerbate water degradation because it destabilizes ground water tables. Going by the recent scientific evidence, there is more cause for alarm about the impact of climate change on humans than we may suspect. For example, some of the effects of climate change borders on the issues of security agenda: famine, disease, and flooding. This results in unprecedented migrations in areas that are already experiencing high tension. In addition, climate change can resul t in crop-failure and drought, resulting in enhanced competition for water, energy, and food in regions already grappling with limited resources (Dykstra 2006). Also, such regions are likely to experience economic disruptions on a large-scale. The issue of climate change is not just a threat to national security, but to the global security as well since the world is becoming increasingly interdependent and fragile. What this means is that the effects of climate change on region are felt in another region. In the absence of a stable climate, it would be very hard for a country to fight poverty. The Euro barometer pool that was conducted in June 2011 shows that Europeans are convinced that climate change posses a greater danger to humankind that the current global financial crisis (Pongiglione 2011). According to this poll, climate change was ranked as the second greatest threat to the globe and humankind, after poverty.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Econo mic Cost of Climate Change Effects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More 89 percent of those participants who responded to the survey viewed climate change as a â€Å"serious† problem. The seriousness of climate change cannot be underestimated bearing in mind that nobody can claim immunity to its effects. The effects of climate change and climate variability on natural systems and human beings pose grave danger to our intentions to achieve sustainable development and reduce poverty. For this reason, various participants from different countries are called upon to cooperate in ensuring that they reduce the impact of climate change. In recent years, we have experienced a lot of severe weather conditions and natural disasters, and this has disrupted economic activities in the developing and the developed countries and in the process, touched on the lives of millions of people (Pongiglione 2011). A case in point is the Indian Ocean tsun ami that greatly affected the Southeast Asia region. Other examples are the droughts and floods of unimaginable magnitude that have affected different parts of the globe. There is also the issue of the increased intensity of earthquakes in India and Pakistani, as well as the various hurricanes in the Caribbean and North Atlantic regions. What this appears to suggest is that all of us are faced with various risks owing to climate change. As a result of the recent climate change, extreme heat waves have increased by between two and four times the normal ranges. In addition, climate change has increased the intensity and frequency of extreme weather, resulting in an upswing in damages. For example, the natural catastrophes of 2005 are believed to have caused damages to property to the tune of USD 220 billion (Natural Resource Defense Council 2011). Besides property damage, we also need to take into account losses in income of those affected. For example, following the aftermath of Hurr icane Katrina in 2005, the Louisiana State in the United States lost the equivalent of 15 % of its income in the months that followed the tragedy. Every country in the world has to bear the price of global warming. According to new research findings on the United States, in case the country continues with the current trends, the cumulative cost of climate change shall be 3 times higher than its Gross Domestic Product (GDP).Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this case, real estate losses, energy cost, Hurricane damage and water costs alone will account for 1.8 percent of the country’s GDP by 2100 (Natural Resource Defense Council 2011). What these statistics appear to suggest is that climate change is a real threat to the human race, more than even biological hazards. This is because in the case of biological hazards, they are more likely to affect a specific region, and not the entire globe. However, climate change affects the entire globe. For example, illegal logging of the forest cover in one region will have an effect in another region that depends on this natural resource. Already, the World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that the effects of climate change results in 150,000 deaths annually. On the other hand, biological hazards are thought to result in 320,000 deaths each year, on a global scale (Safe Work Australia 2011). This is twice the number of annual deaths attributed to climate change. What this appears to suggest is that biological hazards represents a high threat to humankind, although their likelihood of occurrence is quite low. Changes in rainfall and temperature conditions can also influence the patterns of transmission of vector-borne infections and water-borne diseases, including malaria (WHO 2011). Besides causing death, climate change also affect weather patterns. Poor weather patterns cause low food production, resulting in increased cases of malnutrition. Moreover, evidence also shows that if greenhouse gas emissions go unmitigated, they are likely to increase the disease burden in the years to come. In the coming decades, the economic costs of dealing with the effects of climate change will run into billions of dollars and those areas experiencing higher rates of climate change will have a hard time adapting to these conditions (Muller 2008). According to estimates by the United Nations Development Programme, by 2015, we shall require an extra USD 86 billion every year to deal with the effects of climate change (UNDP 2008). Conclusion Climate change has been regarded as the greatest threat facing human kind today. This is because the effects of global climate change threaten the very survival of not just the current human race, but the future generations as well. Besides contributing to an estimated 150,000 deaths annually, climate change is also associated with a loss in biodiversity, land degradation, soil erosion, and deteriorating soil quality. This translates into increased cases of poverty and famine among the global populace. A lot of attention and resources have been set aside to alleviate the effects of climate change because the various governments and the scientific world have recognized that without doing this, our future looks bleak. Reference List Dykstra, J. (2006) Is Climate Change the Greatest Modern Threat Facing Humankind, [Online], Available: http://sciblogs.co.nz/shaken-not-stirred/2011/01/06/climate-change-natural-disasters-and- human-vulnerability/ ( 27Dec. 2011) International Daily Newswire. (2006) Climate heating most serious threat facing  Humanity, [Online], Available: http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/nov2006/2006-11-06-04.asp (28 Dec. 2011) Natural Resource Defense Council. (2011) The cost of climate change. What we’ll pay if  global warming continues unchecked, [Online], Available: http://www.nrdc.org/globalwarming/cost/contents.asp (28 Dec. 2011) Parry, E. J. 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Fighting climate change: human  solidarity in a divided world, [Online], Available http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_20072008_Summary_English.pdf (28 Dec. 2011) WHO. (2011) Climate change, [Online], Available http://www.who.int/heli/risks/climate/climatechange/en/ (28 Dec. 2011) This essay on The Economic Cost of Climate Change Effects was written and submitted by user Barbara Abbott to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.